{"id":15707,"date":"2026-08-02T15:03:24","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T15:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/2026\/08\/02\/2-august-ziua-in-care-richard-nixon-a-venit-la-bucuresti-cum-l-a-primit-nicolae-ceausescu\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T15:03:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T15:03:24","slug":"2-august-ziua-in-care-richard-nixon-a-venit-la-bucuresti-cum-l-a-primit-nicolae-ceausescu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/2026\/08\/02\/2-august-ziua-in-care-richard-nixon-a-venit-la-bucuresti-cum-l-a-primit-nicolae-ceausescu\/","title":{"rendered":"2 august: Ziua \u00een care Richard Nixon a venit la Bucure\u0219ti. Cum l-a primit Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>Pe 2 august, \u00een 1969, a avut loc prima vizit\u0103 a unui pre\u0219edinte american \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Richard\u00a0 Nixon o descria<i> \u201eCea mai emo\u0163ionant\u0103 experien\u0163\u0103<\/i>\u201d . \u00cen noaptea de 2 spre 3 august 1944, \u201etab\u0103ra de \u0163igani\u201d (The Zigeunerlager) de la Auschwitz-Birkenau a fost lichidat\u0103, 2.897 de b\u0103rba\u0163i, femei \u015fi copii de origine rom\u0103 fiind\u00a0 uci\u015fi \u00een camerele de gazare de c\u0103tre ofi\u0163erii nazi\u015fti. Tot \u00eentr-o zi de 2 august s-au n\u0103scut Mihail Jora, Cornel Dinu \u0219i Marcel Iure\u015f.<\/p>\n<div data-props=\"%7B%22data%22%3A%7B%22caption%22%3A%22%22%2C%22embed%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FzyJJHS-35QI%22%2C%22height%22%3A320%2C%22service%22%3A%22youtube%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FzyJJHS-35QI%22%2C%22width%22%3A580%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%22mAb1eAupRG%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22embed%22%2C%22lines%22%3A10%2C%22linesAbove%22%3A18%2C%22index%22%3A1%2C%22paragraphsAbove%22%3A1%2C%22percentage%22%3A0.03991130820399113%2C%22linesBellow%22%3A433%7D\" data-context=\"%7B%22parentBlockColumnCount%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%2C%22parentBlockBackgroundColor%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%7D\" data-component=\"EditorEmbedViewDefault\">\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zyJJHS-35QI\" width=\"580\" allowfullscreen title=\"embed media\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1492: Evreii sunt expulza\u021bi din Spania<\/h2>\n<p>La 2 august 1492 a intrat \u00een vigoare decretul prin care monarhii catolici ai Spaniei au dispus expulzarea comunit\u0103\u021bii evreie\u0219ti din regat. Estim\u0103rile istorice arat\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentre 40.000 \u0219i 200.000 de evrei au fost nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 teritoriul spaniol, potrivit Wikipedia.<\/p>\n<p>Afl\u00e2nd despre situa\u021bia refugia\u021bilor, sultanul otoman Baiazid al II-lea a ordonat trimiterea flotei otomane pentru a-i transporta \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 c\u0103tre Imperiul Otoman. <\/p>\n<p>Mul\u021bi dintre cei expulza\u021bi s-au stabilit ulterior \u00een importante centre urbane ale imperiului, precum Salonic, aflat ast\u0103zi \u00een Grecia, \u0219i \u0130zmir, \u00een actuala Turcie, unde au contribuit la dezvoltarea economic\u0103 \u0219i cultural\u0103 a regiunii.<\/p>\n<h2>1776: A fost semnat\u0103 Declara\u021bia de Independen\u021b\u0103 a Statelor Unite ale Americii<\/h2>\n<p>Declara\u021bia de Independen\u021b\u0103 a Statelor Unite reprezint\u0103 documentul prin care cele treisprezece colonii britanice din America de Nord \u0219i-au proclamat desprinderea de Regatul Unit, prezent\u00e2nd motivele care au stat la baza acestei decizii istorice.<\/p>\n<div data-props=\"%7B%22data%22%3A%7B%22caption%22%3A%22%22%2C%22embed%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2Fyb7MI8NQLoo%22%2C%22height%22%3A320%2C%22service%22%3A%22youtube%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2Fyb7MI8NQLoo%22%2C%22width%22%3A580%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%228e67VbSQVb%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22embed%22%2C%22lines%22%3A10%2C%22linesAbove%22%3A55%2C%22index%22%3A8%2C%22paragraphsAbove%22%3A5%2C%22percentage%22%3A0.12195121951219512%2C%22linesBellow%22%3A396%7D\" data-context=\"%7B%22parentBlockColumnCount%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%2C%22parentBlockBackgroundColor%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%7D\" data-component=\"EditorEmbedViewDefault\">\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yb7MI8NQLoo\" width=\"580\" allowfullscreen title=\"embed media\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Documentul a fost adoptat de Congresul Continental la 4 iulie 1776. Exemplarul original, semnat de delega\u021bii congresului, este p\u0103strat \u0219i expus permanent la Arhivele Na\u021bionale din Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n<h2>1891: S-a n\u0103scut Mihail Jora, compozitor, dirijor \u0219i pianist rom\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>Mihail Jora, una dintre personalit\u0103\u021bile marcante ale muzicii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, s-a n\u0103scut la 2 august 1891. Membru titular al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, el a fost profesor \u0219i rector al Academiei Regale de Muzic\u0103 din Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<p>Compozitorul \u0219i-a intitulat cele peste o sut\u0103 de lucr\u0103ri \u201eC\u00e2ntece\u201d, pentru a eviden\u021bia specificul rom\u00e2nesc al crea\u021biei sale \u0219i pentru a o diferen\u021bia de tradi\u021bia liedului german, ilustrat\u0103 de nume precum Schubert, Schumann \u0219i Brahms.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prezent, Uniunea Criticilor Muzicali organizeaz\u0103 anual \u201eConcursul Na\u021bional de Interpretare Muzical\u0103 Mihail Jora\u201d, iar numele muzicianului este purtat \u0219i de Studioul de Concerte al Palatului Radio din Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<h2>1893: S-a n\u0103scut Alfred Alessandrescu, compozitor, pianist \u0219i dirijor<\/h2>\n<p>Alfred Alessandrescu s-a n\u0103scut la 2 august 1893, la Bucure\u0219ti. A urmat cursurile Conservatorului din Capital\u0103, continu\u00e2ndu-\u0219i studiile la prestigioasa \u201eSchola Cantorum\u201d din Paris. \u00cen paralel, a studiat \u0219i Dreptul \u00een capitala Fran\u021bei.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1115\" height=\"816\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/le1T7YwA9NQ?list=PLAQZOrY73zxXKtU-vaQ2GWIr_REPGiL90\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>De-a lungul carierei, a fost pianist de muzic\u0103 de camer\u0103, dirijor al Operei Rom\u00e2ne, subdirector al Filarmonicii din Bucure\u0219ti, director artistic al Orchestrei Simfonice Radio \u0219i director muzical al Radiodifuziunii Rom\u00e2ne. A activat, de asemenea, ca profesor de teorie, armonie \u0219i contrapunct la Conservatorul din Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<p>Talentul s\u0103u a fost recunoscut prin numeroase premii \u0219i distinc\u021bii, inclusiv Legiunea de Onoare a Fran\u021bei. A l\u0103sat \u00een urm\u0103 o oper\u0103 bogat\u0103, care cuprinde lucr\u0103ri simfonice, camerale \u0219i vocale, precum \u0219i orchestra\u021bii \u0219i transcrip\u021bii dup\u0103 compozitori celebri.<\/p>\n<h2>1940: Stalin a semnat decretul de creare a Republicii Sovietice Socialiste Moldovene\u0219ti<\/h2>\n<p>La 2 august 1940, autorit\u0103\u021bile sovietice au oficializat constituirea Republicii Sovietice Socialiste Moldovene\u0219ti, dup\u0103 anexarea Basarabiei de c\u0103tre Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 \u00een urma Pactului Ribbentrop-Molotov.<\/p>\n<p>Noua republic\u0103 unional\u0103 a fost creat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consultarea popula\u021biei locale, prin reorganizarea teritoriilor dintre Prut \u0219i Nistru \u0219i prin includerea unei p\u0103r\u021bi din fosta Republic\u0103 Autonom\u0103 Sovietic\u0103 Socialist\u0103 Moldoveneasc\u0103 aflat\u0103 la est de Nistru.<\/p>\n<div data-props=\"%7B%22data%22%3A%7B%22caption%22%3A%22%22%2C%22embed%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FM4hW3fpjwh4%22%2C%22height%22%3A320%2C%22service%22%3A%22youtube%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FM4hW3fpjwh4%22%2C%22width%22%3A580%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%22ZpwCwyJ58a%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22embed%22%2C%22lines%22%3A10%2C%22linesAbove%22%3A130%2C%22index%22%3A22%2C%22paragraphsAbove%22%3A14%2C%22percentage%22%3A0.28824833702882485%2C%22linesBellow%22%3A321%7D\" data-context=\"%7B%22parentBlockColumnCount%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%2C%22parentBlockBackgroundColor%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%7D\" data-component=\"EditorEmbedViewDefault\">\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/M4hW3fpjwh4\" width=\"580\" allowfullscreen title=\"embed media\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1948: S-a n\u0103scut Cornel Dinu, fost fotbalist \u0219i antrenor<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/sport\/noua-stema-a-dinamovistilor-provoaca-revolta-2527269.html\">Cornel Dinu, una dintre figurile emblematice ale fotbalului rom\u00e2nes<\/a>c, s-a n\u0103scut la T\u00e2rgovi\u0219te. A debutat la Metalul T\u00e2rgovi\u0219te, \u00eens\u0103 \u00eentreaga sa carier\u0103 la nivel de seniori s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat la Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<p>Supranumit <i>\u201eProcurorul\u201d<\/i> pentru fermitatea \u0219i claritatea opiniilor sale, Dinu a disputat 454 de meciuri \u00een prima lig\u0103 \u0219i a \u00eenscris 53 de goluri. Pentru echipa na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei a jucat de 75 de ori \u0219i a marcat \u0219apte goluri.<\/p>\n<div data-props=\"%7B%22data%22%3A%7B%22caption%22%3A%22%22%2C%22embed%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2F-O5ejT_Fsx4%22%2C%22height%22%3A320%2C%22service%22%3A%22youtube%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2F-O5ejT_Fsx4%22%2C%22width%22%3A580%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%22Xd7PqcLvU_%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22embed%22%2C%22lines%22%3A10%2C%22linesAbove%22%3A155%2C%22index%22%3A26%2C%22paragraphsAbove%22%3A16%2C%22percentage%22%3A0.3436807095343681%2C%22linesBellow%22%3A296%7D\" data-context=\"%7B%22parentBlockColumnCount%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%2C%22parentBlockBackgroundColor%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%7D\" data-component=\"EditorEmbedViewDefault\">\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-O5ejT_Fsx4\" width=\"580\" allowfullscreen title=\"embed media\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>A fost titular la Campionatul Mondial din 1970 \u0219i a ocupat, dup\u0103 Revolu\u021bia din 1989, func\u021bia de secretar de stat \u00een Ministerul Sporturilor. De trei ori a fost desemnat \u201eFotbalistul anului\u201d \u00een ancheta Gazetei Sporturilor, \u00een 1970, 1972 \u0219i 1974.<\/p>\n<h2>1951: S-a n\u0103scut actorul Marcel Iure\u015f, actor<\/h2>\n<p>S-a n\u0103scut la B\u0103ile\u0219ti, Dolj.\u00a0 Absolvent al Institutului de Arta Teatral\u0103 \u0219i Cinematografic\u0103 din Bucuresti, promo\u021bia 1978, Marcel Iure\u0219 a debutat pe scena teatrului Bulandra \u00een piesa \u201eFerma\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Din 1978 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1981 a fost angajat al Teatrului Na\u021bional Cluj, unde a jucat \u00een piese precum\u00a0<i>\u201eAfar\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba u\u0219ii\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0219i \u201e<i>Per\u0219ii<\/i>\u201d. \u00cen paralel, Marcel a primit primul s\u0103u rol de cinema, Franz Lizt, din filmul \u201eVis de ianuarie\u201d (regia Nicolae Opri\u021bescu), pottivit Cinemagia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen anii \u201980, Marcel a jucat at\u00e2t la Bulandra c\u00e2t \u0219i la Odeon iar dintre rolurile din aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 amintim trei dintre cei mai importan\u021bi eroi shakespearieni, Hamlet, Henric al IV-lea \u0219i Richard al III-lea. \u00cen paralel, actorul \u0219i-a continuat cariera cinematografic\u0103 cu roluri \u00een filmele\u00a0<i>\u201eArtista, dolarii si ardelenii<\/i>\u201d \u0219i \u201e<i>S\u0103 mori r\u0103nit din dragoste de via\u021b\u0103<\/i>\u201d (r. Mircea Veroiu), \u201e<i>Domni\u0219oara Aurica\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0219i \u201e<i>Cei care pl\u0103tesc cu via\u021ba<\/i>\u201d (r. \u0218erban Marinescu), \u201eUn bulgare de hum\u0103\u201d (r. Nicolae M\u0103rgineanu),\u00a0<i>\u201eBalan\u021ba\u201d \u0219i \u201eO var\u0103 de neuitat\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(r. Lucian Pintilie).<\/p>\n<p>Cariera interna\u021bional\u0103 a lui Marcel Iure\u0219 a \u00eenceput dup\u0103 turneul din 1994, sus\u021binut \u00een Marea Britanie cu spectacolul \u201eRichard al III-lea\u201d, \u00een regia lui Mihai M\u0103niu\u021biu. Dup\u0103 un mic rol \u00een\u00a0<i>\u201eInterviu cu un vampir&#8221;<\/i>\u00a0(r. Neil Jordan), al\u0103turi de Tom Cruise \u0219i Brad Pitt, a urmat un rol episodic dar crucial pentru plotul filmului \u00een \u201e<i>Misiune imposibil\u0103<\/i>\u201d (r. Brian De Palma), tot cu Tom Cruise \u0219i trei roluri principale, \u00een\u00a0<i>\u201ePacificatorul\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(r. Mimi Leder), cu Geroge Clooney \u0219i Nicole Kidman, \u201e<i>R\u0103zboiul lui Tom Hart<\/i>\u201d (r. Gregory Hoblit), cu Colin Farrell \u0219i Bruce Willis \u0219i\u00a0<i>\u201eLayer Cake&#8221;<\/i>(r. Matthew Vaughn), cu Daniel Craig.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1995,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/showbiz\/film\/marcel-iures-gazda-seriei-enigmele-romaniei-2299466.html\">Marcel Iure\u0219 a devenit pre\u0219edinte al Funda\u021biei<\/a>\u00a0Cultural Artistice Teatrul ACT, pun\u00e2nd bazele celei de-a doua scene independente de teatru din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen stagiunea 1992-1993, Marcel Iure\u0219 a fost nominalizat la premiul UNITER pentru rolul principal din spectacolul \u201eRichard III\u201d; \u00een 1998 \u0219i 2001 a primit premiul UNITER pentru cel mai bun actor pentru rolurile din\u00a0<i>\u201eRichard al II-lea\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0219i, respectiv, \u201e<i>Creatorul de teatru\u201d<\/i>; \u00een 2003 a prmit premiul UNITER de excelen\u021b\u0103 pentru fondarea Teatrului Act &#8211; catalizator al mi\u0219c\u0103rii teatrale independente; \u00een 2009 a primit premiul Festivalului de Dramaturgie Contemporan\u0103 pentru cel mai bun rol masculin din spectacolul &#8222;Acas\u0103 la tata&#8221; de Mimi Br\u0103nescu.<\/p>\n<p>A fost distins cu Ordinul Serviciu Credincios \u00een grad de Mare Cruce de c\u0103tre pre\u0219edintele Rom\u00e2niei.<\/p>\n<h2>1969:\u00a0A avut loc vizita oficial\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a pre\u015fedintelui SUA, Richard Nixon<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen zilele de 2 \u015fi 3 august 1969, <a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/istoria-zilei\/2-august-55-de-ani-de-la-prima-vizita-a-unui-2378004.html\">a avut loc vizita oficial\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a pre\u015fedintelui SUA, Richard Nixon.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0A fost prima vizit\u0103 a unui \u0219ef de stat american \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi prima vizit\u0103 \u00eentr-o \u0163ar\u0103 socialist\u0103 dup\u0103 cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, se arat\u0103 \u00een volumul \u201d<i>Istoria Rom\u00e2niei \u00een date<\/i>\u201d (Editura Enciclopedic\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 2003).<\/p>\n<p> <a data-gtrack=\"{\"event\":\"utm_click\",\"data\":{\"event_category\":\"article_related\"}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-locale\/focsani\/sugestia-facuta-de-ion-ratiu-presedintelui-sua-1935234.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span><\/span> <span>Sugestia f\u0103cut\u0103 de Ion Ra\u0163iu pre\u015fedintelui SUA, Richard Nixon, c\u00e2nd americanul s-a \u00eent\u00e2lnit cu Ceau\u015fescu \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. \u201eN-a vrut sau n-a putut s-o fac\u0103\u201c<\/span> <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/p>\n<div data-props=\"%7B%22data%22%3A%7B%22caption%22%3A%22%22%2C%22embed%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FLqM-Za7Acg4%22%2C%22height%22%3A320%2C%22service%22%3A%22youtube%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FLqM-Za7Acg4%22%2C%22width%22%3A580%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%22hxyQxBB95P%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22embed%22%2C%22lines%22%3A10%2C%22linesAbove%22%3A237%2C%22index%22%3A39%2C%22paragraphsAbove%22%3A26%2C%22percentage%22%3A0.5254988913525499%2C%22linesBellow%22%3A214%7D\" data-context=\"%7B%22parentBlockColumnCount%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%2C%22parentBlockBackgroundColor%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%7D\" data-component=\"EditorEmbedViewDefault\">\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LqM-Za7Acg4\" width=\"580\" allowfullscreen title=\"embed media\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sute de mii de rom\u00e2ni au ie\u015fit \u00een strad\u0103 ca s\u0103-i aclame pe americanii at\u00e2t de \u00eendelung a\u015ftepta\u0163i. Vizita a fost socotit\u0103 foarte important\u0103 de ambele p\u0103r\u0163i. Ceau\u015fescu a am\u00e2nat din cauza ei congresul partidului. Iar Nixon, inform\u00e2ndu-i pe politicienii americani despre c\u0103l\u0103toria la Bucure\u015fti, insistase asupra renun\u0163\u0103rii la \u201e<i>abordarea monolitic\u0103\u201c<\/i>\u00a0a \u0163\u0103rilor din lag\u0103rul comunist, conform documentelor citate de Mircea R\u0103ceanu (Istoria clauzei na\u0163iunii celei mai favorizate \u00een rela\u0163iile rom\u00e2no-americane, Institutul Na\u0163ional pentru Memoria Memoria Exilului Rom\u00e2nesc, Bucure\u015fti, 2009). \u00cen viziunea pre\u015fedintelui american, \u201eo politic\u0103 extern\u0103 independent\u0103\u201c merita r\u0103spl\u0103tit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Nixon a propus astfel tematica: <i>\u201eA\u015f sugera ca \u00eentreaga gam\u0103 a discu\u0163iilor s\u0103 includ\u0103 chestiunile bilaterale \u2013 rela\u0163iile comerciale, culturale, consulare etc -, rela\u0163iile referitoare la pacea \u00een lume, la rela\u0163iile Est-Vest, la Vietnam, unde domnul prim-ministru Maurer a avut o contribu\u0163ie at\u00e2t de \u00eensemnat\u0103\u201c.<\/i><\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-0\/0e9a949c-fee9-489c-8e32-d77cf97767c5\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"Nixon \u0219i Ceausescu la Bucuresti: FOTO Profimedia\" width=\"949\" height=\"750\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><\/picture>\n<p>Nixon \u0219i Ceausescu la Bucuresti: FOTO Profimedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00cen plus, Nixon i-a \u00eencredin\u0163at c\u0103\u00a0 politica sa nu presupune condi\u0163ionarea prieteniei\u00a0 cu America de inamici\u0163ia cu al\u0163ii. \u015ei c\u0103 dore\u015fte\u00a0<i>\u201eextindere c\u00e2t mai mare a schimburilor\u201c\u00a0<\/i>dintre Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi Statele Unite.\u00a0 Ceau\u015fescu\u00a0 a etalat apoi urm\u0103toarele solicit\u0103ri: cooperare \u00een \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi tehnic\u0103 (nominaliz\u00e2nd chimia, fizica nuclear\u0103, electronica, ma\u015finile de calcul), licen\u0163e \u015fi utilaje din SUA (spre exemplu, procedeele \u015fi instala\u0163iile de fabrica\u0163ie de la apa grea \u015fi cauciucul izoprenic), credite de la EXIMBANK \u015fi acordarea clauzei na\u0163iunii celei mai favorizate.<\/p>\n<p><b>Medierea cu China<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00cendelung au z\u0103bovit cei patru lideri, \u00een \u00eentrevederea 2 august, asupra situa\u0163iei intrena\u0163ionale. Iar Nixon a solicitat continuarea ei \u015fi \u00een ziua urm\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prima zi, discu\u0163iile s-au focalizat pe\u00a0 China. Conform stenogramei p\u0103r\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne, Nixon i-a f\u0103cut lui Ceau\u015fescu urm\u0103toarea propunere: \u201e<i>Dac\u0103 ve\u0163i considera c\u0103 este \u00een interesul dvs, al guvernului dvs, s\u0103 v\u0103 asuma\u0163i c\u00e2ndva rolul de mediator \u00eentre China \u015fi Statele Unite, noi am salute aceasta.<\/i>\u201c Ceau\u015fescu i-a r\u0103spuns astfel:\u00a0<i>\u201eCred c\u0103 Statele Unite dispun de at\u00e2tea mijloace, inclusiv directe, \u00eenc\u00e2t nu v\u0103d necesitatea de a apela la intermediari. Noi am spus \u015fi vom spune \u00eens\u0103 chinezilor p\u0103rerile noastre despre probleme interna\u0163ionale, inclusiv despre rela\u0163iile cu Statele Unite\u201c<\/i>; \u201e<i>V\u0103 rog s\u0103 m\u0103 scuza\u0163i; nu am folosit cuv\u00e2ntul potrivit. De fapt, chiar aceasta am avut \u00een vedere\u201c<\/i>, a admis Nixon \u015ftiind prea bine c\u0103 angajamentul rom\u00e2nilor, f\u0103r\u0103 a-i consulta pe chinezi, i-ar ofensa pe ace\u015ftia din urm\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><b>Problema r\u0103zboiului americano-vietnamez<\/b><\/p>\n<p>A doua zi, Nixon a deschis convorbirea cu chestiunea Vietnamului. Dup\u0103 memorandumul alc\u0103tuit de partea american\u0103, i-a mul\u0163umit lui Maurer pentru rolul asumat \u00een deschiderea canalelor de comunicare pentru rezolvarea problemei Vietnamului. Dezb\u0103t\u00e2nd \u00eendelung situa\u0163ia, Nixon a \u00eencheiat \u00eentrevederea prin aceste asigur\u0103ri \u015fi solicit\u0103ri:\u00a0<i>\u201eNoi vrem s\u0103 punem cap\u0103t r\u0103zboiului \u015fi vom fi rezonabili. Vreau s\u0103 stabilesc un canal de comunicare cu dumneavoastr\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u0163\u0103. Aceasta se poate realiza prin ambasad\u0103, dar c\u00e2nd apar chestiuni de importan\u0163\u0103 major\u0103, acestea ar trebui transmite prin intermediul lui Henry A. Kissinger. Ceea ce am discutat r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een aceast\u0103 camer\u0103. Ceea ce \u00eemi ve\u0163i trimite, va r\u0103m\u00e2ne confiden\u0163ial. Probabil c\u0103 v\u0103 voi contacta \u00een acest sens\u201c.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Canal direct \u015fi secret<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Stenograma p\u0103r\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne nu face dec\u00e2t s\u0103 detalieze oferta \u015fi s\u0103 precizeze\u00a0 nominalizarea lui Macovescu pentru \u00een\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103ri deosebite: \u201e<i>Am convingerea ferm\u0103 c\u0103 vrem s\u0103 \u00eencheiem acest r\u0103zboi \u015fi vom fi rezonabili, a \u00eencheiat Nixon. A\u015f vrea s\u0103 avem un canal de comunicare direct\u0103 \u00eentre noi, \u00een cazul c\u00e2nd vom dori s\u0103 ne transmitem lucruri de cea mai mare importan\u0163\u0103, s\u0103 avem garan\u0163ia c\u0103 putem discuta ca \u015fi cum am vorbi direct. Din partea mea va fi Dr. Kissinger. Dac\u0103 \u00eei vorbi\u0163i lui este ca \u015fi cum mi-a\u0163i vorbi mie la ureche. A\u015f prefera s\u0103 nu folosim pentru asemenea comunic\u0103ri canale diplomatice obi\u015fnuite, care introduc pe circuit zeci de oameni \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 \u015ftirile ajung \u00een 60 de capitale.\u201c\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>\u201eCea mai emo\u0163ionant\u0103 experien\u0163\u0103\u201c<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bucuros de \u00een\u0163elegerile \u00eencheiate, Nixon a declarat presei americane c\u0103-n Rom\u00e2nia a tr\u0103it \u201e<i>cea mai emo\u0163ionant\u0103 experien\u0163\u0103\u201c dintre toate cele peste 50 de vizite \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate f\u0103cute. A doua zi dup\u0103 revenirea lui Nixon acas\u0103, unul dintre deputa\u0163ii americani a pus \u00een Congres chestiunea clauzei celei mai favorizate pentru Rom\u00e2nia. Un ajutor de 11,5 milioane de dolari a acordat apoi guvernul american Rom\u00e2niei dup\u0103 inunda\u0163iile din 1970. \u00cen ceea ce-l prive\u015fte pe Ceau\u015fescu, \u00een\u0163elegerile cu Nixon l-au f\u0103cut s\u0103 se simt\u0103 un politician importanta al planetei. \u00cen orice caz, cel mai mare om politic din istoria Rom\u00e2niei. \u00cen raportul prezentat la congresul din 1969, f\u0103c\u00e2nd bilan\u0163ul timpului trecut de la Congresul al IX-lea, Ceau\u015fescu declar\u0103 c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia a fost vizitat\u0103 de 48 delega\u0163ii guvernamentale. Iar vizite \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate efectuaser\u0103\u00a0 52 de delega\u0163ii guvernamentale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. \u00centre\u0163inea rela\u0163ii economice cu peste o sut\u0103 de state \u015fi rela\u0163ii diplomatice cu 94. \u201ePutem spune, concluzia Ceau\u015fescu, c\u0103 niciodat\u0103 \u00een istoria sa, Rom\u00e2nia nu a desf\u0103\u015furat o politic\u0103 intrena\u0163ional\u0103 at\u00e2t de activ\u0103 \u015fi nu a avut at\u00e2t de mul\u0163i prieteni ca azi\u201d.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>1980: Un atentat cu bomb\u0103 a devastat gara din Bologna<\/h2>\n<p>La 2 august 1980, un atentat cu bomb\u0103 a devastat Gara Central\u0103 din Bologna, provoc\u00e2nd moartea a cel pu\u021bin 75 de persoane \u0219i r\u0103nirea altor peste 200.<\/p>\n<p>Majoritatea victimelor au fost cet\u0103\u021beni italieni, \u00eens\u0103 printre cei deceda\u021bi s-au aflat \u0219i turi\u0219ti str\u0103ini. La c\u00e2teva ore dup\u0103 atac, un grup neofascist a revendicat atentatul printr-un apel telefonic c\u0103tre un ziar din Roma. Tragedia r\u0103m\u00e2ne unul dintre cele mai s\u00e2ngeroase acte teroriste din istoria Italiei postbelice.<\/p>\n<h2>1990: Irakul a invadat Kuweitul, declan\u0219\u00e2nd r\u0103zboiul din Golf<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen primele ore ale dimine\u021bii de 2 august 1990, peste 100.000 de solda\u021bi irakieni, sprijini\u021bi de sute de tancuri \u0219i de avia\u021bie, au trecut grani\u021ba Kuweitului. Regimul lui Saddam Hussein a justificat opera\u021biunea prin revendic\u0103ri istorice asupra teritoriului vecin \u0219i a anun\u021bat ulterior anexarea emiratului.<\/p>\n<p> <a data-gtrack=\"{\"event\":\"utm_click\",\"data\":{\"event_category\":\"article_related\"}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\/cultura\/170-de-ani-de-la-dezrobirea-romilor-istoric-2495487.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span><\/span> <span>170 de ani de la dezrobirea romilor. Istoric: \u201eExist\u0103 foarte multe sate \u00een Rom\u00e2nia unde asfaltul se opre\u0219te \u00abunde \u00eencepe \u021big\u0103nia\u00bb\u201c<\/span> <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"495\" height=\"880\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1xpyhQG0V2U\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 ocuparea \u021b\u0103rii, for\u021bele irakiene au instalat un guvern provizoriu, iar Saddam Hussein a avertizat c\u0103 va transforma capitala Kuweitului \u00eentr-un <i>\u201ecimitir<\/i>\u201d dac\u0103 alte state vor \u00eencerca s\u0103 conteste anexarea.<\/p>\n<p>Invazia a fost condamnat\u0103 pe plan interna\u021bional. Consiliul de Securitate al ONU a adoptat sanc\u021biuni economice \u00eempotriva Irakului, iar refuzul Bagdadului de a se retrage a condus la lansarea, la 17 ianuarie 1991, a Opera\u021biunii \u201eFurtun\u0103 \u00een de\u0219ert\u201d, o ampl\u0103 interven\u021bie militar\u0103 interna\u021bional\u0103 condus\u0103 de Statele Unite.<\/p>\n<p>Ofensiva a dus la eliberarea Kuweitului la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii februarie 1991. Ulterior, Irakul a r\u0103mas sub sanc\u021biuni \u0219i sub supravegherea ONU, pe fondul suspiciunilor privind dezvoltarea unor programe de armament chimic \u0219i biologic. \u00cen 1998, Statele Unite \u0219i Marea Britanie au lansat Opera\u021biunea <i>\u201eVulpea de\u0219ertului\u201d<\/i>, o nou\u0103 serie de bombardamente \u00eempotriva regimului de la Bagdad.<\/p>\n<p>Trupele americane s-au retras din Irak \u00een 2011, \u00eens\u0103 au revenit \u00een 2014 pentru a sprijini lupta \u00eempotriva organiza\u021biei teroriste ISIS. \u00cen 2021, pre\u0219edintele Joe Biden a anun\u021bat \u00eencheierea misiunilor de lupt\u0103 americane \u0219i continuarea exclusiv a activit\u0103\u021bilor de instruire \u0219i asisten\u021b\u0103 pentru for\u021bele irakiene.<\/p>\n<h2>2015: Ziua na\u021bional\u0103 de comemorare a Holocaustului \u00eempotriva romilor<\/h2>\n<p>Data de 2 august este dedicat\u0103 comemor\u0103ri<a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/blogurile-adevarul\/2-august-ziua-europeana-de-comemorare-a-1961419.html\">i victimelor Holocaustului \u00eempotriva romilor<\/a>. \u00cen noaptea de 2 august 1944, aproximativ 3.000 de romi din lag\u0103rul de exterminare Auschwitz-Birkenau au fost uci\u0219i de regimul nazist.<\/p>\n<p>Potrivit estim\u0103rilor istorice, circa 500.000 de romi au pierit \u00een Europa \u00een timpul Holocaustului. Pentru a cinsti memoria victimelor, Parlamentul European a declarat, \u00een 2015, ziua de 2 august drept Ziua european\u0103 de comemorare a genocidului romilor.<\/p>\n<div data-props=\"%7B%22data%22%3A%7B%22caption%22%3A%22%22%2C%22embed%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FDDwXAKmvzyY%22%2C%22height%22%3A320%2C%22service%22%3A%22youtube%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FDDwXAKmvzyY%22%2C%22width%22%3A580%7D%2C%22id%22%3A%22J1cZESkTGt%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22embed%22%2C%22lines%22%3A10%2C%22linesAbove%22%3A425%2C%22index%22%3A66%2C%22paragraphsAbove%22%3A47%2C%22percentage%22%3A0.9423503325942351%2C%22linesBellow%22%3A26%7D\" data-context=\"%7B%22parentBlockColumnCount%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%2C%22parentBlockBackgroundColor%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%7D\" data-component=\"EditorEmbedViewDefault\">\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DDwXAKmvzyY\" width=\"580\" allowfullscreen title=\"embed media\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, prin Legea nr. 124\/2020, data de 2 august a devenit Ziua na\u021bional\u0103 de comemorare a Holocaustului \u00eempotriva Romilor &#8211; Samudaripen, termen care \u00een limba romani \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eucidere \u00een mas\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Conform Raportului final al Comisiei Interna\u021bionale pentru Studierea Holocaustului \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, aproximativ 25.000 de romi au fost deporta\u021bi de regimul Antonescu \u00een Transnistria. Dintre ace\u0219tia, aproximativ 11.000 au murit \u00een urma deport\u0103rii, a bolilor, foametei \u0219i condi\u021biilor grele de trai.<\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/png\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/png\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/png\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-6\/65b4c468-01db-4390-8d36-06cd59ef10d1\/index.png?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26c%3D0.059%252C0%252C0.941%252C1%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"Copii romi. FOTO collections.ushmm.org\" width=\"1012\" height=\"750\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/picture>\n<p>Copii romi. FOTO collections.ushmm.org<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Holocaustul \u00eempotriva romilor este o pagin\u0103 ignorat\u0103 a istoriei Rom\u00e2niei. Zeci de mii de cet\u0103\u0163eni rom\u00e2ni de etnie rom\u0103 au fost extermina\u0163i pentru c\u0103 nu se \u00eencadrau \u00een cutiu\u0163ele impuse de cei ce clamau \u201esuperioritatea raselor\u201c. Chiar \u015fi atunci c\u00e2nd serveau \u0163ara, lupt\u00e2nd pe front, familiile lor nu erau considerate demne s\u0103 aib\u0103 parte de protec\u0163ia \u015fi respectul statului pe care \u00eel ap\u0103rau.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/istoria-zilei\/2-august-ziua-in-care-richard-nixon-a-venit-la-2546646.html\" class=\"button purchase\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pe 2 august, \u00een 1969, a avut loc prima vizit\u0103 a unui pre\u0219edinte american \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Richard\u00a0 Nixon o descria \u201eCea mai emo\u0163ionant\u0103 experien\u0163\u0103\u201d . [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-popular"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15707\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}