{"id":15625,"date":"2026-07-30T14:04:41","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/2026\/07\/30\/ziua-in-care-spania-si-a-alungat-evreii-povestea-exodului-sefard-de-la-crimele-din-al-andalus-la-adapostul-din-principatele-romane\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:04:41","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:04:41","slug":"ziua-in-care-spania-si-a-alungat-evreii-povestea-exodului-sefard-de-la-crimele-din-al-andalus-la-adapostul-din-principatele-romane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/2026\/07\/30\/ziua-in-care-spania-si-a-alungat-evreii-povestea-exodului-sefard-de-la-crimele-din-al-andalus-la-adapostul-din-principatele-romane\/","title":{"rendered":"Ziua \u00een care Spania \u0219i-a alungat evreii. Povestea exodului sefard: de la crimele din Al-Andalus la ad\u0103postul din Principatele Rom\u00e2ne"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pe 31 iulie 1492, peste 200.000 de evrei au fost expulza\u021bi din Spania, \u00eentr-unul dintre cele mai odioase acte anti-semite din Europa. Amenin\u021ba\u021bi cu moarte de Inchizi\u021bie, evreii au fost salva\u021bi de musulmanii din Imperiul Otoman. Plecare lor a adus un dezechilibru economic \u00een Spania. <\/p>\n

\"Popula\u021bia<\/picture>\n

Evrei masacra\u021bi \u00een Spania FOTO wikipedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pe data de\u00a031 iulie 1492, \u00eencepea un alt\u00a0exod al evreilor. Mai precis, peste\u00a0200.000 de sefarzi\u00a0(evrei din Spania) au fost nevoi\u021bi\u00a0s\u0103 ia calea\u00a0exilului, dup\u0103 ce\u00a0au refuzat s\u0103-\u0219i renege tradi\u021biile\u00a0\u0219i s\u0103 se\u00a0converteasc\u0103 la cre\u0219tinism.<\/p>\n

Alungarea evreilor <\/a>din\u00a0Spania, dup\u0103 un\u00a0mileniu \u0219i jum\u0103tate\u00a0de convie\u021buire,\u00a0a fost o\u00a0decizie luat\u0103 de\u00a0regii Spaniei,\u00a0Ferdinand al II-lea de Aragon\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0Isabela I de\u00a0Castilia, la presiunea infamului\u00a0lider al Inchizi\u021biei\u00a0spaniole, c\u0103lug\u0103rul dominican\u00a0Tom\u00e1s de Torquemada.<\/p>\n

Decretul prin care\u00a0evreii erau soma\u021bi\u00a0fie s\u0103 se\u00a0converteasc\u0103 la cre\u0219tinism, fie s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103\u00a0de urgen\u021b\u0103 \u021bara\u00a0a fost dat\u00a0pe\u00a031 martie 1492. Evreii au avut\u00a0la dispozi\u021bie patru\u00a0luni pentru a\u00a0se hot\u0103r\u00ee. Cei\u00a0care nici nu\u00a0s-ar fi\u00a0convertit, nici nu\u00a0ar fi plecat\u00a0\u00een exil ar\u00a0fi fost uci\u0219i.<\/p>\n

O parte a\u00a0sefarzilor au plecat\u00a0\u00een Portugalia, alte\u00a0zeci de mii\u00a0au p\u0103r\u0103sit Peninsula\u00a0Iberic\u0103, lu\u00e2nd calea\u00a0exilului spre Imperiul\u00a0Otoman, Africa de\u00a0Nord sau alte\u00a0\u021b\u0103ri din Europa, inclusiv Principatele\u00a0Rom\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n

Culmea, cei\u00a0care i-au\u00a0salvat pe sefarzii\u00a0fugari din calea\u00a0atrocit\u0103\u021bilor puse la\u00a0cale de inchizitori\u00a0au fost musulmanii. Mai precis, amiralul\u00a0flotei otomane, cu\u00a0permisiunea sultanului\u00a0Baiazid al II-lea.<\/p>\n

Exodul sefarzilor este\u00a0unul dintre cele\u00a0mai \u00eentunecate acte\u00a0antisemite din istoria\u00a0Europei, cu multiple\u00a0consecin\u021be, culmea, inclusiv\u00a0pentru Spania medieval\u0103.<\/p>\n

Spania, noua patrie a evreilor<\/h2>\n

Povestea evreilor din\u00a0Spania \u00eencepe la\u00a0\u00eenceputul mileniului I\u00a0d.Hr., mai\u00a0precis \u00een primul\u00a0secol al erei\u00a0cre\u0219tine. Practic, exodul evreiesc\u00a0\u00eencepe dup\u0103 distrugerea\u00a0celui de-al\u00a0Doilea Templu, \u00een\u00a0anul\u00a070 d.Hr., \u00een timpul primei\u00a0revolte evreie\u0219ti \u00eempotriva st\u0103p\u00e2nirii\u00a0romane. Trupele romane\u00a0conduse de\u00a0Titus\u00a0au cucerit Ierusalimul\u00a0\u0219i au d\u0103r\u00e2mat\u00a0al Doilea Templu, provoc\u00e2nd fuga\u00a0\u0219i robia multor\u00a0evrei.<\/p>\n

Ulterior, a urmat\u00a0revolta lui\u00a0Bar Kokhba, \u00een perioada\u00a0132\u2013136 d.Hr.\u00a0Dup\u0103 ce romanii\u00a0au \u00eenfr\u00e2nt \u0219i\u00a0aceast\u0103 r\u0103scoal\u0103 evreiasc\u0103, \u00eemp\u0103ratul\u00a0Hadrian\u00a0a interzis prezen\u021ba\u00a0evreilor \u00een Ierusalim, a schimbat numele\u00a0provinciei \u00een\u00a0Syria Palaestina\u00a0\u0219i a v\u00e2ndut\u00a0mul\u021bi supravie\u021buitori ca sclavi, des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219ind \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tierea\u00a0poporului evreu \u00een\u00a0lumea roman\u0103.<\/p>\n

Mul\u021bi evrei au\u00a0c\u0103l\u0103torit pe drumurile\u00a0romane \u0219i au\u00a0\u00eentemeiat comunit\u0103\u021bi \u00een\u00a0numeroase provincii. F\u0103r\u0103\u00a0s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2nt\u00a0\u0219i av\u00e2nd ulterior\u00a0interdic\u021bia de a\u00a0de\u021bine p\u0103m\u00e2nt, ace\u0219tia\u00a0s-au specializat\u00a0\u00een comer\u021b, activit\u0103\u021bi bancare \u0219i\u00a0diferite meserii liberale, inclusiv medicina.<\/p>\n

Evreii s-au\u00a0extins \u00een tot\u00a0bazinul M\u0103rii Mediterane, \u00eentr-o asemenea\u00a0m\u0103sur\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t numai\u00a0\u00een Roma existau\u00a0peste\u00a07.000 de evrei. Inclusiv istoricul evreu\u00a0Josephus\u00a0confirma faptul c\u0103\u00a0\u00een Europa roman\u0103\u00a0existau numeroase comunit\u0103\u021bi\u00a0evreie\u0219ti, \u00een special\u00a0din triburile lui\u00a0Iuda\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0Beniamin. O parte a\u00a0acestor evrei s-au a\u0219ezat \u0219i\u00a0\u00een\u00a0Hispania, o bogat\u0103 provincie\u00a0roman\u0103 din care\u00a0se tr\u0103gea inclusiv \u00eemp\u0103ratul\u00a0Traian\u00a0(nu era hispanic\u00a0la origine, tat\u0103l\u00a0s\u0103u fiind guvernator\u00a0\u00een zon\u0103).<\/p>\n

\u201eR\u0103d\u0103cinile\u00a0evreimii sefarde coboar\u0103\u00a0ad\u00e2nc \u00een Antichitate, f\u0103c\u00e2nd leg\u0103tura \u00eentre\u00a0Levantul antic \u0219i\u00a0\u021b\u0103rmurile \u00eensorite ale\u00a0Europei Occidentale. De\u0219i\u00a0tradi\u021biile populare asociaz\u0103\u00a0adesea primele sosiri\u00a0ale evreilor cu\u00a0vechile rute comerciale\u00a0maritime, dovezile arheologice\u00a0\u0219i istorice confirm\u0103\u00a0faptul c\u0103, \u00een\u00a0perioada roman\u0103, existau\u00a0deja comunit\u0103\u021bi evreie\u0219ti\u00a0importante \u0219i bine\u00a0consolidate \u00een Hispania. Dup\u0103 distrugerea Ierusalimului\u00a0de c\u0103tre romani \u00een anul\u00a070 d.Hr. \u0219i \u00een\u0103bu\u0219irea revoltei\u00a0lui Bar Kokhba, sute de mii\u00a0de evrei \u2014 at\u00e2t\u00a0captivi, c\u00e2t \u0219i\u00a0comercian\u021bi care au\u00a0migrat de bun\u0103voie\u00a0\u2014 s-au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een \u00eentregul\u00a0Imperiu Roman, stabilindu-se \u00een provinciile\u00a0maritime prospere ale\u00a0Hispania Tarraconensis,\u00a0Baetica \u0219i Lusitania. Tr\u0103ind al\u0103turi de\u00a0coloni\u0219ti romani, vizigo\u021bi \u0219i popula\u021biile\u00a0indigene ale Peninsulei\u00a0Iberice, aceste comunit\u0103\u021bi\u00a0timpurii au \u00eentemeiat\u00a0sinagogi, au cultivat\u00a0terenuri agricole \u0219i\u00a0s-au integrat\u00a0\u00een via\u021ba economic\u0103\u00a0\u0219i civic\u0103 a\u00a0peninsulei cu mult\u00a0\u00eenainte de apari\u021bia\u00a0Al-Andalusului\u201d<\/i>, precizeaz\u0103\u00a0speciali\u0219tii de la\u00a0Sephardic U.<\/p>\n

Sefarzii, un mileniu de convie\u021buire pa\u0219nic\u0103 \u0219i progres<\/h2>\n

Ulterior, dup\u0103 cucerirea\u00a0Andaluziei \u0219i a\u00a0regatelor vizigote din\u00a0Spania, \u00een\u00a0anul\u00a0711, de c\u0103tre arabii\u00a0\u0219i maurii din\u00a0Africa de Nord, a \u00eenceput o\u00a0adev\u0103rat\u0103\u00a0Epoc\u0103 de Aur\u00a0a evreilor din\u00a0Peninsula Iberic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Culmea, musulmanii \u00eei\u00a0tolerau \u0219i i-au integrat \u00een\u00a0via\u021ba social\u0103 \u0219i economic\u0103\u00a0a\u00a0Al-Andalusului. Evreii din Spania\u00a0purtau numele de\u00a0sefarzi. \u00cen ebraic\u0103, \u201esefard\u201d \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201espaniol\u201d. Arabii au deschis\u00a0por\u021bile\u00a0\u00eentrep\u0103trunderii culturale\u00a0\u0219i ale progresului\u00a0economic prin accesul\u00a0la rute comerciale\u00a0care legau Europa\u00a0de Africa, Arabia\u00a0\u0219i India.<\/p>\n

\u201eEvreii din Spania\u00a0medieval\u0103 reprezentau cel\u00a0mai mic \u0219i\u00a0cel mai vulnerabil\u00a0dintre\u00a0cele trei mari\u00a0grupuri religioase ale\u00a0epocii (islamul, cre\u0219tinismul\u00a0\u0219i iudaismul). Ei\u00a0au fost persecuta\u021bi\u00a0sporadic at\u00e2t de\u00a0cre\u0219tini, c\u00e2t \u0219i\u00a0de musulmani, \u00eens\u0103\u00a0au reu\u0219it s\u0103\u00a0coexiste cu ambele comunit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i\u00a0chiar s\u0103 prospere, remarc\u00e2ndu-se prin\u00a0bog\u0103\u021bie \u0219i erudi\u021bie. Comunitatea evreiasc\u0103 a\u00a0atins apogeul dezvolt\u0103rii\u00a0sale \u00een perioada\u00a0domina\u021biei musulmane, \u00eenceput\u0103\u00a0odat\u0103 cu invazia\u00a0lui\u00a0\u1e6c\u0101riq ibn Ziy\u0101d\u00a0din Maroc \u00een\u00a0anul 711. \u00cen\u00a0speran\u021ba unei \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri\u00a0a situa\u021biei lor\u00a0religioase \u0219i politice, evreii i-au\u00a0\u00eent\u00e2mpinat favorabil pe\u00a0arabi. Din punct de\u00a0vedere economic, cucerirea\u00a0musulman\u0103 a\u00a0fost deosebit de\u00a0avantajoas\u0103 pentru ei, deoarece le-a\u00a0deschis accesul la\u00a0pie\u021bele Africii de\u00a0Nord \u0219i ale\u00a0\u00eentregii lumi musulmane, \u00eentinse p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een\u00a0India. Pe plan intelectual, arabii aveau, de\u00a0asemenea, multe de\u00a0oferit. Ei au adus\u00a0o cultur\u0103 dinamic\u0103, \u00een care mo\u0219tenirea\u00a0Greciei \u0219i a\u00a0Romei se \u00eempletea\u00a0cu tradi\u021biile Persiei\u00a0\u0219i ale Indiei. Limba arab\u0103 a\u00a0devenit limba interna\u021bional\u0103\u00a0a vastului Califat\u201d, preciza\u00a0Robert Talbott\u00a0\u00een \u201eJews Are Expelled\u00a0from Spain\u201d<\/i>, publicat pe EBSCO.<\/p>\n

<\/span> Galileo Galilei \u015fi \u00eencercarea sa de a sc\u0103pa de acuza\u0163iile de erezie, \u00eentr-o scrisoare recent descoperit\u0103: \u201e o escrocherie\u201d care circula \u201esub mantia zelului \u015fi a carit\u0103\u0163ii\u201d<\/span> <\/svg><\/a><\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cen opinia mea, identitatea sefard\u0103 con\u021bine\u00a0trei elemente, vizibile\u00a0sau nu: cre\u0219tin\u0103, musulman\u0103 \u0219i evreiasc\u0103. Prin aceasta m\u0103\u00a0refer la simbioza cultural\u0103 puternic\u0103\u00a0\u0219i minunat\u0103 \u2014 autentic\u0103\u00a0sau nu \u2014 care\u00a0a existat \u00een\u00a0a\u0219a-numita Epoc\u0103\u00a0de Aur, \u00een\u00a0primele secole ale\u00a0primului mileniu. Din acea perioad\u0103\u00a0exist\u0103 texte foarte\u00a0importante despre \u00een\u021belegerea\u00a0care a\u00a0existat \u00eentre aceste\u00a0trei culturi. \u0218i\u00a0astfel, c\u00e2nd cre\u0219tinii\u00a0au dominat complet\u00a0Spania, care a\u00a0devenit un teritoriu\u00a0fervent catolic, amintirea\u00a0simbiozei dintre tradi\u021biile\u00a0cre\u0219tine, musulmane \u0219i\u00a0evreie\u0219ti a r\u0103mas\u00a0\u00eenc\u0103 \u00een identitatea\u00a0sefard\u0103. Aceast\u0103 amintire a\u00a0fost at\u00e2t de\u00a0intens\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t, chiar\u00a0\u0219i dup\u0103 expulzarea\u00a0evreilor \u0219i a\u00a0musulmanilor,\u00a0a persistat \u00een\u00a0Spania \u0219i poate\u00a0c\u0103 acest lucru\u00a0explic\u0103 cruzimea cu\u00a0care Inchizi\u021bia a\u00a0c\u0103utat s\u0103 purifice\u00a0teritoriul de orice\u00a0credin\u021b\u0103 eretic\u0103 sau\u00a0pur \u0219i simplu\u00a0necre\u0219tin\u0103\u201d<\/i>, precizeaz\u0103\u00a0\u0219i scriitorul\u00a0Abraham B. Yehoshua\u00a0\u00een \u201eIdentitatea evreului sefard: dincolo de folclor\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00cen perioada ocupa\u021biei\u00a0arabe, cultura sefard\u0103\u00a0a ajuns la\u00a0zenit, cu numeroase\u00a0progrese \u00een domeniul\u00a0filosofiei, medicinei \u0219i poeziei, printre care se\u00a0distingeau personalit\u0103\u021bi-cheie precum\u00a0Maimonides. Nu mai vorbim\u00a0de faptul c\u0103\u00a0evreii sefarzi erau\u00a0medici de top\u00a0\u0219i negustori cu\u00a0afaceri importante,\u00a0care aduceau venituri\u00a0semnificative \u0219i ofereau\u00a0locuri de munc\u0103\u00a0oamenilor din zon\u0103.<\/p>\n

Fanatism religios, l\u0103comie \u0219i \u00eenceputul unei epoci a brutalit\u0103\u021bii<\/h2>\n

Lucrurile s-au\u00a0schimbat odat\u0103 cu\u00a0Reconquista, adic\u0103 odat\u0103 cu\u00a0recucerirea teritoriilor\u00a0spaniole de sub\u00a0st\u0103p\u00e2nire arab\u0103, mai\u00a0ales \u00een timpul\u00a0lui\u00a0Ferdinand al II-lea de Aragon\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0al\u00a0Isabelei I de\u00a0Castilia. Cei doi monarhi, care aveau s\u0103\u00a0uneasc\u0103 regatul Spaniei\u00a0\u0219i s\u0103-i\u00a0ofere noi vremuri\u00a0glorioase, au fost\u00a0influen\u021ba\u021bi de un\u00a0c\u0103lug\u0103r dominican care\u00a0conducea una dintre\u00a0cele mai\u00a0infame \u201epoli\u021bii religioase\u201d. Era vorba, evident, despre\u00a0Inchizi\u021bie<\/a>, iar c\u0103lug\u0103rul cu\u00a0pricina era\u00a0Tom\u00e1s de Torquemada, una dintre eminen\u021bele\u00a0cenu\u0219ii ale Europei\u00a0medievale.<\/p>\n

Torquemada i-a\u00a0convins c\u0103 evreii\u00a0trebuiau alunga\u021bi sau\u00a0converti\u021bi, at\u00e2t pentru\u00a0unitatea religioas\u0103 a\u00a0Spaniei, c\u00e2t \u0219i\u00a0fiindc\u0103 \u00eei b\u0103nuia\u00a0de partizanat cu\u00a0musulmanii. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, Torquemada a promovat\u00a0fanatismul religios \u0219i\u00a0pedepsirea tuturor celor\u00a0care nu erau\u00a0de acord cu\u00a0bigotismul \u0219i anxiet\u0103\u021bile\u00a0sale legate de\u00a0erezie.<\/p>\n

De altfel, evreii\u00a0care s-au\u00a0convertit de fric\u0103\u00a0\u0219i pentru a-\u0219i p\u0103stra afacerile\u00a0au fost \u00een\u00a0continuare b\u0103nui\u021bi, alunga\u021bi \u0219i oprima\u021bi. \u00cenainte de Torquemada\u00a0au fost \u0219i\u00a0al\u021bii care au\u00a0promovat fanatismul religios\u00a0\u0219i ura \u00eempotriva\u00a0evreilor, mai ales\u00a0fiindc\u0103 ace\u0219tia erau\u00a0v\u0103zu\u021bi ca sus\u021bin\u0103tori\u00a0ai musulmanilor \u0219i, totodat\u0103, ca un\u00a0factor str\u0103in \u0219i\u00a0periculos \u00een procesul\u00a0de recucerire a\u00a0teritoriilor spaniole. \u00cen\u00a0acest context, la\u00a0finele secolului al\u00a0XIV-lea, au\u00a0avut loc puternice\u00a0pogromuri \u00eendreptate \u00eempotriva\u00a0evreilor sefarzi.<\/p>\n

\u201eViolen\u021bele \u00eempotriva evreilor\u00a0au atins punctul\u00a0culminant \u00een anul\u00a01391, c\u00e2nd au avut\u00a0loc masacre \u00een\u00a0cartierele evreie\u0219ti din Sevilla, Barcelona, Toledo \u0219i\u00a0alte ora\u0219e importante. Mii de evrei\u00a0au acceptat sau\u00a0au fost constr\u00e2n\u0219i\u00a0s\u0103 se converteasc\u0103\u00a0la cre\u0219tinism. Unii dintre ei, cunoscu\u021bi sub numele\u00a0de\u00a0cripto-evrei,\u00a0marrani\u00a0(sau \u201ecei blestema\u021bi\u201d), au simulat convertirea, continu\u00e2nd \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103\u00a0practice iudaismul \u00een\u00a0secret. Evreii converti\u021bi au\u00a0ajuns s\u0103 formeze\u00a0o important\u0103 minoritate\u00a0\u0219i erau\u00a0privi\u021bi cu suspiciune\u00a0de cre\u0219tini, care\u00a0le puneau la\u00a0\u00eendoial\u0103 sinceritatea,\u00a0dar \u0219i cu\u00a0ne\u00eencredere de c\u0103tre\u00a0evrei. \u00cen calitate de\u00a0\u201ecre\u0219tini noi\u201d, ei\u00a0nu mai erau\u00a0supu\u0219i restric\u021biilor legale\u00a0impuse evreilor \u0219i au\u00a0reu\u0219it s\u0103 ocupe\u00a0unele dintre cele\u00a0mai \u00eenalte func\u021bii\u00a0\u00een administra\u021bie, \u00een\u00a0Biseric\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u00a0comer\u021b, fapt care\u00a0a alimentat \u0219i\u00a0mai mult ostilitatea\u00a0fa\u021b\u0103 de evrei.Conflictul dintre \u201ecre\u0219tinii\u00a0noi\u201d \u0219i \u201ecre\u0219tinii\u00a0vechi\u201d a devenit\u00a0din ce \u00een\u00a0ce mai acut. \u00cen unele ora\u0219e, cre\u0219tinilor noi li\u00a0s-a interzis\u00a0prin lege s\u0103\u00a0ocupe func\u021bii publice.\u00a0 Preo\u021bi \u0219i c\u0103lug\u0103ri, inclusiv cardinalul\u00a0Mendoza, arhiepiscop de Sevilla, \u0219i\u00a0Tom\u00e1s de Torquemada, i-au denun\u021bat\u00a0pe cre\u0219tinii noi, acuz\u00e2ndu-i c\u0103, \u00een realitate, erau\u00a0evrei care \u00ee\u0219i\u00a0practicau \u00een ascuns\u00a0vechea credin\u021b\u0103\u201d<\/i>, preciza\u00a0Robert Talbott\u00a0\u00een lucrarea deja\u00a0men\u021bionat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Culmea, cel care\u00a0a aranjat c\u0103s\u0103toria\u00a0lui\u00a0Ferdinand al II-lea de Aragon\u00a0cu\u00a0Isabela I de\u00a0Castilia\u00a0a fost un\u00a0evreu. Pe\u00a031 martie 1492, cei doi suverani, sub presiunea lui\u00a0Torquemada, au semnat\u00a0Decretul de la\u00a0Alhambra. Sefarzii ori se\u00a0converteau, ori\u00a0trebuiau s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103\u00a0Spania.<\/p>\n

<\/span> Cum a reu\u0219it iubirea s\u0103 \u00eengenuncheze extremismul \u0219i teroarea. Singurul prostest pa\u0219nic care a f\u0103cut un regim criminal s\u0103 cedeze <\/span> <\/svg><\/a><\/p>\n

Marele exod sefard \u0219i interven\u021bia salvatoare a unui amiral otoman<\/h2>\n

Peste\u00a0200.000 de evrei\u00a0sefarzi\u00a0au fugit din\u00a0calea Inchizi\u021biei. Cor\u0103biile otomane i-au ajutat pe\u00a0evreii sefarzi s\u0103\u00a0scape din Spania. Sultanul\u00a0Baiazid al II-lea\u00a0a trimis flota\u00a0imperial\u0103 sub conducerea\u00a0lui\u00a0Kemal Reis\u00a0pentru a-i\u00a0evacua pe evreii prigoni\u021bi de\u00a0Decretul de la\u00a0Alhambra.<\/p>\n

\u201eSe spune c\u0103\u00a0regele Ferdinand este\u00a0un rege \u00een\u021belept. Dar, alung\u00e2ndu-i pe evrei, \u0219i-a s\u0103r\u0103cit\u00a0\u021bara \u0219i mi-a \u00eembog\u0103\u021bit-o\u00a0pe ea\u201d,<\/i> afirmase\u00a0sultanul\u00a0Baiazid al II-lea.<\/p>\n

\u0218i avea dreptate. Plecarea comunit\u0103\u021bii evreie\u0219ti, cu mul\u021bi\u00a0medici, intelectuali, speciali\u0219ti\u00a0\u00een diferite domenii\u00a0\u0219i chiar negustori\u00a0boga\u021bi, a l\u0103sat\u00a0ni\u0219te goluri economice\u00a0\u0219i sociale incredibile. \u00cen tot acest\u00a0timp, otomanii au\u00a0avut grij\u0103 s\u0103\u00a0\u00eei colonizeze pe\u00a0sefarzi \u00een teritoriile\u00a0lor,\u00a0sporindu-\u0219i astfel\u00a0veniturile. Sefarzii au ajuns\u00a0\u0219i pe teritoriul\u00a0Principatelor Rom\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n

\u201eRom\u00e2nia este singura\u00a0\u021bar\u0103 din regiune\u00a0\u00een care au\u00a0supravie\u021buit comunit\u0103\u021bi\u00a0sefarde \u2013 precum cele\u00a0din Bucure\u0219ti,\u00a0Craiova \u0219i Timi\u0219oara\u00a0\u2013, consolidate ulterior\u00a0de un val\u00a0de sefarzi veni\u021bi\u00a0\u00eendeosebi din Bulgaria\u00a0dup\u0103 Tratatul de\u00a0la Adrianopol (1829). Implica\u021bi \u00een comer\u021bul\u00a0de import-export, ace\u0219tia au\u00a0\u00eenfiin\u021bat noi comunit\u0103\u021bi\u00a0\u00een porturi dun\u0103rene\u00a0precum C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i, Giurgiu, Turnu M\u0103gurele \u0219i\u00a0Calafat. Cea mai important\u0103\u00a0dintre acestea a\u00a0fost cea de\u00a0la Turnu Severin; \u00een 1833, aici\u00a0locuiau numero\u0219i evrei\u00a0veni\u021bi din Balcani, din Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i\u00a0din Ungaria, dou\u0103\u00a0treimi dintre ace\u0219tia\u00a0fiind sefarzi\u201d<\/i>, preciza\u00a0Alexander Avraham\u00a0\u00een \u201eSephardim\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pe 31 iulie 1492, peste 200.000 de evrei au fost expulza\u021bi din Spania, \u00eentr-unul dintre cele mai odioase acte anti-semite din Europa. Amenin\u021ba\u021bi cu moarte […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-popular"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15625\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}