{"id":15561,"date":"2026-07-27T14:03:21","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T14:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/2026\/07\/27\/cat-de-mult-adevar-istoric-se-ascunde-in-spatele-odiseei-cum-aratau-cu-adevarat-razboinicii-regii-si-lumea-din-timpul-aventurilor-lui-ulise\/"},"modified":"2026-07-27T14:03:21","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T14:03:21","slug":"cat-de-mult-adevar-istoric-se-ascunde-in-spatele-odiseei-cum-aratau-cu-adevarat-razboinicii-regii-si-lumea-din-timpul-aventurilor-lui-ulise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/2026\/07\/27\/cat-de-mult-adevar-istoric-se-ascunde-in-spatele-odiseei-cum-aratau-cu-adevarat-razboinicii-regii-si-lumea-din-timpul-aventurilor-lui-ulise\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2t de mult adev\u0103r istoric se ascunde \u00een spatele Odiseei. Cum ar\u0103tau cu adev\u0103rat r\u0103zboinicii, regii \u0219i lumea din timpul aventurilor lui Ulise"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>Odiseea, faimoasa epopee atribuit\u0103 lui Homer, este f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 o mare oper\u0103 de fic\u021biune a trecutului. Speciali\u0219tii spun \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 ea este o cronic\u0103 vie a istoriei Mediteranei, \u00eentr-o epoc\u0103 de mari schimb\u0103ri sociale \u0219i politice. \u00cen plus, mon\u0219trii erau inspira\u021bi din realitate.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-d\/dcc7a5e9-85bd-4ed9-affc-30eea92b278b\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"Mnesterophonia Louvre CA7124 jpg\" width=\"932\" height=\"750\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><\/picture> <\/div>\n<p>Odiseea este una dintre cele mai faimoase opere fundamentale<br \/>\nale literaturii antice grece\u0219ti. A stabilit modele narative precum c\u0103l\u0103toria<br \/>\neroului, \u00eencerc\u0103rile succesive \u0219i transformarea personajului \u0219i, totodat\u0103, a<br \/>\ninfluen\u021bat numero\u0219i autori, de la Virgiliu p\u00e2n\u0103 la James Joyce, al c\u0103rui roman<br \/>\nUlysses reinterpreteaz\u0103 aventura lui Odiseu. \u00cen plus, a fascinat genera\u021bii<br \/>\n\u00eentregi de copii prin aventurile sale fantastice.<\/p>\n<p>Odiseea este o epopee atribuit\u0103 poetului orb Homer, care ar<br \/>\nfi tr\u0103it \u00een secolul al VIII-lea \u00ee.Hr. Ea relateaz\u0103 peripe\u021biile \u0219i obstacolele<br \/>\n\u00eenfruntate de regele Odiseu (cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de Ulise) \u00een c\u0103l\u0103toria sa<br \/>\nde zece ani spre cas\u0103, \u00een insula Itaca, dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea R\u0103zboiului Troian.<\/p>\n<p>Odiseea a revenit \u00een prim-plan \u0219i a ajuns cunoscut\u0103 chiar \u0219i<br \/>\ncelor care nu sunt mari fani ai literaturii, datorit\u0103 produc\u021biei<br \/>\ncinematografice cu acela\u0219i nume, produs\u0103 \u0219i regizat\u0103 de cunoscutul Christopher<br \/>\nNolan. Filmul prezint\u0103 o distribu\u021bie prestigioas\u0103 din care fac parte, printre<br \/>\nal\u021bii, Matt Damon, Tom Holland \u0219i Charlize Theron. Filmul, abia ap\u0103rut \u00een<br \/>\ncinematografe, a st\u00e2rnit controverse, mai ales legate de respectarea<br \/>\nveridicit\u0103\u021bii istorice \u0219i a operei literare.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a s-a ajuns la \u00eentrebarea: <i>\u201eC\u00e2t de mult adev\u0103r istoric se<br \/>\nafl\u0103 \u00een epopeea lui Homer, Odiseea? Are vreo leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu fapte, oameni \u0219i<br \/>\nlocuri reale?\u201d<\/i> R\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebare este destul de complex. Dar speciali\u0219tii<br \/>\narat\u0103 c\u0103, de\u0219i povestea \u00een sine, la fel ca personajele (fie zei, fie oameni,<br \/>\ninclusiv Odiseu), este pur\u0103 fic\u021biune, ea este inspirat\u0103 de locuri \u0219i evenimente<br \/>\nreale din trecut. A fost chiar reconstituit\u0103 o hart\u0103 cu locurile adev\u0103rate<br \/>\nprezentate \u00een epopeea Odiseea. Totodat\u0103, spun speciali\u0219tii, aceast\u0103 oper\u0103<br \/>\nliterar\u0103 fundamental\u0103 ofer\u0103 un tablou al societ\u0103\u021bilor mediteraneene din Epoca<br \/>\nBronzului T\u00e2rziu.<\/p>\n<h2>Un poem din alte vremuri, un c\u00e2ntec al unei lumi disp\u0103rute<\/h2>\n<p>Odiseea este structurat\u0103 \u00een 24 de c\u00e2nturi \u0219i se concentreaz\u0103<br \/>\npe c\u0103l\u0103toria pe mare a lui Ulise, dar \u0219i pe \u00eencerc\u0103rile prin care trece so\u021bia<br \/>\nsa, Penelopa, \u00een lipsa eroului. C\u0103l\u0103toria lui Odiseu este marcat\u0103 de furia<br \/>\nzeului m\u0103rii, Poseidon, care \u00eei r\u0103t\u0103ce\u0219te cor\u0103biile \u0219i \u00eel supune unor<br \/>\nnenum\u0103rate pericole.<\/p>\n<p>Cele mai cunoscute aventuri sunt cele \u00een care \u00eel \u00eenfrunt\u0103 pe<br \/>\nciclopul Polifem, sirenele care \u00eei atrag pe marinari cu vocile lor<br \/>\nademenitoare, dar \u0219i pe vr\u0103jitoarea Circe, care \u00eei transform\u0103 echipajul \u00eentr-o<br \/>\nturm\u0103 de porci.<\/p>\n<p>Ajuns acas\u0103, dup\u0103 zece ani de aventuri \u0219i prizonierat,<br \/>\ndeghizat \u00een cer\u0219etor, Odiseu g\u0103se\u0219te palatul ocupat de numero\u0219i pretenden\u021bi<br \/>\ncare \u00eei consum\u0103 averea \u0219i cer m\u00e2na Penelopei. Cu ajutorul fiului s\u0103u, Telemah,<br \/>\neroul reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 \u00eei pedepseasc\u0103 pe pe\u021bitori printr-un concurs de tras cu arcul<br \/>\n\u0219i \u00ee\u0219i reia tronul. Pe scurt, este o superb\u0103 poveste de aventuri cu mon\u0219tri,<br \/>\nzei, eroi \u0219i tot soiul de fiin\u021be fantastice.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 epopee i-a fost mult timp atribuit\u0103 lui Homer, un<br \/>\npoet orb din timpul \u201eveacurilor \u00eentunecate\u201d ale Antichit\u0103\u021bii grece\u0219ti, adic\u0103<br \/>\nundeva prin secolul al VIII-lea \u00ee.Hr., o perioad\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie, dup\u0103 invazia<br \/>\ntriburilor grece\u0219ti ale dorienilor, \u00een care au avut loc mari distrugeri \u0219i<br \/>\ndisloc\u0103ri de popula\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p>Noile studii arat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103, cel mai probabil, Iliada \u0219i<br \/>\nOdiseea nu sunt crea\u021biile lui Homer. Sunt poeme mult mai vechi, crea\u021bii<br \/>\npopulare din Epoca Bronzului, c\u00e2ntate pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een marile palate<br \/>\nmiceniene din secolul al XIII-lea \u00ee.Hr. De altfel, ele \u0219i descriu realit\u0103\u021bi din<br \/>\nacea perioad\u0103. <a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-interne\/societate\/se-crede-kubrick-nu-e-ce-spune-irina-2544788.html\">Homer<\/a> le-a f\u0103cut celebre prin talentul s\u0103u. Probabil le-a \u0219i<br \/>\n\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit sau modificat pe ici, pe colo, a\u0219a cum au f\u0103cut \u0219i ceilal\u021bi<br \/>\nc\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bi de dup\u0103 el, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd au c\u0103p\u0103tat, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, o form\u0103 scris\u0103. Odiseea<br \/>\na fost o crea\u021bie oral\u0103, care a str\u0103b\u0103tut secolele, din gur\u0103 \u00een gur\u0103, povestind<br \/>\ndespre o lume de mult disp\u0103rut\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Odiseea, o cronic\u0103 mitologic\u0103 a unei epoci care apunea<\/h2>\n<p>De\u0219i este clar pentru toat\u0103 lumea c\u0103 \u00eentreaga poveste cu<br \/>\nmon\u0219tri, zei, zei\u021be \u0219i ciclopi este fic\u021biune, Odiseea zugr\u0103ve\u0219te \u00eens\u0103 un tablou<br \/>\nal unei epoci reale. \u00cen plus, anumite evenimente \u0219i personaje sunt inspirate<br \/>\ndin realitatea istoric\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><i>\u201eDe\u0219i mitul constituie fundamentul epopeilor, acestea includ<br \/>\n\u0219i elemente de memorie istoric\u0103\u201d<\/i>, afirm\u0103 arheologul Kim Shelton, de la<br \/>\nUniversitatea Berkeley din California. De altfel, este \u0219i firesc. Nu putem<br \/>\nconstrui lumi fantastice f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 plec\u0103m de la un fundament real pe care s\u0103<br \/>\nputem broda cu ajutorul imagina\u021biei.<\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-d\/d0861750-e865-49fa-842e-28cc9f9d5bb5\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"R\u0103zboinici micenieni FOTO wikipedia\" width=\"1127\" height=\"750\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/picture>\n<p>R\u0103zboinici micenieni FOTO wikipedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00cen Odiseea sunt men\u021bionate locuri, arme \u0219i alte obiecte<br \/>\ninspirate din lumea real\u0103 a Epocii T\u00e2rzii a Bronzului, adic\u0103 din perioada<br \/>\n1600\u20131200 \u00ee.Hr. Homer povestea c\u0103 Odiseu \u00eensu\u0219i purta un coif cu col\u021bi de<br \/>\nmistre\u021b, un element de protec\u021bie folosit de r\u0103zboinicii micenieni.<\/p>\n<p>Pe scurt, cel mai probabil, eroii, inclusiv Odiseu, sunt<br \/>\ninspira\u021bi din regi, seniori r\u0103zboinici, marinari, regine, femei \u0219i alte<br \/>\npersonaje reale din spa\u021biul egeean din jurul anului 1200 \u00ee.Hr. Cel mai<br \/>\nprobabil, Odiseu purta echipamentul unei c\u0103petenii miceniene din secolul al<br \/>\nXIII-lea \u00ee.Hr., adic\u0103 o armur\u0103 complet\u0103 din pl\u0103ci de bronz care \u00eei acoperea<br \/>\ntrunchiul, g\u00e2tul \u0219i umerii, un scut masiv din piele \u0219i lemn (fie de tip \u201eturn\u201d,<br \/>\nfie \u00een forma cifrei opt), o spad\u0103 de bronz (de tip A sau B, precum \u0219i variante<br \/>\nmai scurte \u0219i curbate, de tip machaira), pumnale ceremoniale, suli\u021be, dar \u0219i un<br \/>\ncoif din col\u021bi de mistre\u021b.<\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-9\/906be02d-2b13-4d1b-84a5-870cf4b2cadf\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"coif micenian\" width=\"490\" height=\"750\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/picture>\n<p>Coif din col\u021bi de mistre\u021bi micenian FOTO wikipedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Marinarii \u0219i ceilal\u021bi \u00eenso\u021bitori ai s\u0103i purtau diferite<br \/>\nelemente de armur\u0103 \u0219i arme miceniene (suli\u021be, spade de bronz, topoare cu lam\u0103<br \/>\nde bronz, arcuri), \u00een func\u021bie de statut. Obiceiurile \u0219i chiar unele elemente de<br \/>\nmitologie duc cu g\u00e2ndul la Epoca Bronzului egeean\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Inclusiv numele grece\u0219ti care se terminau \u00een \u201e-eus\u201d<br \/>\ndeveniser\u0103 foarte neobi\u0219nuite \u00een Epoca Fierului. Astfel, numele Odiseu<br \/>\nreprezenta deja un anacronism \u00een momentul \u00een care poemele au fost redactate. Cu<br \/>\nalte cuvinte, proveneau din vremuri de mult apuse.<\/p>\n<p>Nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, statutul femeii, dar \u0219i cultura<br \/>\npalatial\u0103 din epoca micenian\u0103 sunt omniprezente \u00een Odiseea. \u00centreaga via\u021b\u0103 a<br \/>\nunui regat micenian se desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00een jurul palatelor puternic militarizate,<br \/>\n\u00eenconjurate cu ziduri \u00eenalte, adev\u0103rate fort\u0103re\u021be \u0219i centre ale puterii<br \/>\nc\u0103peteniilor r\u0103zboinice ale aheilor. \u00cen jurul palatelor erau ateliere de<br \/>\nproduc\u021bie \u0219i se \u00eenv\u00e2rtea \u00eentreaga economie a regatului.<\/p>\n<p> <a data-gtrack=\"{\"event\":\"utm_click\",\"data\":{\"event_category\":\"article_related\"}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-locale\/botosani\/adevarul-despre-razboiul-troian-care-este-rolul-2081022.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span><\/span> <span>Adev\u0103rul despre R\u0103zboiul Troian. Care este rolul tracilor \u00een cel mai cunoscut conflict al antichit\u0103\u0163ii<\/span> <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201eLorzii\u201d micenieni erau \u00eenconjura\u021bi de \u201evasali\u201d \u0219i<br \/>\nr\u0103zboinici care visau la fapte de arme prin care s\u0103-\u0219i rotunjeasc\u0103 averile \u0219i<br \/>\ns\u0103-\u0219i sporeasc\u0103 statutul. Regi puternici controlau, printr-un sistem vasalic,<br \/>\nteritorii \u00eentinse \u0219i plecau la r\u0103zboi pentru putere, resurse \u0219i controlul<br \/>\nrutelor comerciale.<\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-6\/6dfb5220-a46e-4d7e-9c92-e7a2c1247b95\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"armur\u0103\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/picture>\n<p>Armur\u0103 micenian\u0103 FOTO wikipedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Acest sistem palatial al Bronzului T\u00e2rziu putea fi \u00eent\u00e2lnit<br \/>\n\u00een mai multe locuri din bazinul mediteranean, inclusiv la culturile nuragice<br \/>\ndin Sardinia, dar \u0219i la triburile de pe coastele Italiei. Aceasta era lumea<br \/>\nOdiseei, pe care poe\u021bii care c\u00e2ntau marilor c\u0103petenii miceniene \u00ee\u0219i brodau<br \/>\naventurile fantastice.<\/p>\n<p><i>\u201ePoemele homerice reprezint\u0103 cea mai important\u0103 surs\u0103 pentru<br \/>\n\u00een\u021belegerea societ\u0103\u021bii grece\u0219ti timpurii\u201d<\/i>, precizeaz\u0103 Moses Finley \u00een The World<br \/>\nof Odysseus. La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, Erich Auerbach, \u00een lucrarea Mimesis, afirma c\u0103<br \/>\nstilul homeric reprezint\u0103 unul dintre modelele fundamentale ale reprezent\u0103rii<br \/>\nrealit\u0103\u021bii \u00een literatura occidental\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>O poveste pornit\u0103 de la evenimente istorice reale<\/h2>\n<p>Cei mai mul\u021bi\u00a0speciali\u0219ti cred c\u0103\u00a0Odiseu este un\u00a0personaj absolut fictiv. Dar nu la\u00a0fel de fictive\u00a0sunt sursele de\u00a0inspira\u021bie care au\u00a0dus la construirea\u00a0acestui erou. De\u00a0exemplu, pe insula\u00a0Itaca, locul de\u00a0ba\u0219tin\u0103 al lui\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/europa\/grecii-contesta-distributia-filmului-odiseea-2544763.html\">Odiseu<\/a> din epopee, a fost descoperit\u0103\u00a0o important\u0103 cetate\u00a0din Epoca Bronzului, al\u0103turi de numeroase\u00a0sanctuare dedicate cultului\u00a0acestui erou. Mai\u00a0precis, patria istoric\u0103 \u0219i mitologic\u0103\u00a0a lui Odiseu\u00a0este asociat\u0103 de\u00a0arheologi cu situl\u00a0Agios Athanasios.<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103rile conduse de\u00a0speciali\u0219tii de la\u00a0Universitatea din Ioannina\u00a0s-au concentrat\u00a0asupra unui complex\u00a0monumental situat pe\u00a0creasta unei coline\u00a0st\u00e2ncoase din nordul\u00a0Itac\u0103i. Rezultatele s\u0103p\u0103turilor\u00a0arat\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103\u00a0cetate a fost\u00a0locuit\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din\u00a0secolele\u00a0al XIV-lea\u00a0\u0219i al XIII-lea \u00ee.Hr., perioad\u0103 care corespunde\u00a0cronologiei tradi\u021bionale\u00a0a R\u0103zboiului\u00a0Troian.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cadrul sitului\u00a0se afl\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0ruinele unui palat\u00a0impun\u0103tor, desf\u0103\u0219urat pe\u00a0mai multe niveluri, prev\u0103zut cu sc\u0103ri\u00a0cioplite \u00een piatr\u0103,\u00a0\u00eenc\u0103peri specializate care\u00a0au func\u021bionat ca\u00a0ateliere \u0219i depozite, precum \u0219i o\u00a0cistern\u0103\u00a0subteran\u0103 monolitic\u0103. Artefactele\u00a0descoperite cuprind ceramic\u0103\u00a0micenian\u0103 t\u00e2rzie, trepiede\u00a0ceremoniale din bronz, unelte din bronz\u00a0\u0219i \u021bigle antice.<\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-a\/a06143ee-e21a-4a90-a29b-03d3203709a2\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D547%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"spade folosite de r\u0103zboinici din vremea lui Odisseu\" width=\"1400\" height=\"547\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/picture>\n<p>Spade miceniene FOTO wikipedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Arheologii au descoperit\u00a0\u021bigle inscrip\u021bionate cu\u00a0numele \u201eOdiseu\u201d \u00een limba greac\u0103\u00a0veche, un bust\u00a0miniatural din bronz\u00a0al eroului, precum\u00a0\u0219i sute de\u00a0ofrande votive, printre\u00a0care bazine rituale\u00a0\u0219i monede. Asta\u00a0arat\u0103 c\u0103, cel\u00a0mai probabil, personajul\u00a0principal al epopeii\u00a0a fost construit\u00a0pe baza unui\u00a0suveran micenian real\u00a0din\u00a0insula Itaca, venerat\u00a0ca un erou\u00a0local.<\/p>\n<p>Descoperirile realizate\u00a0\u00een alte situri\u00a0ale insulei, precum\u00a0Pe\u0219tera din Golful\u00a0Polis (Polis Bay Cave), au scos la\u00a0iveal\u0103 trepiede din\u00a0bronz care corespund descrierilor din\u00a0Odiseea, confirm\u00e2nd importan\u021ba\u00a0religioas\u0103 \u0219i ritual\u0103\u00a0deosebit\u0103\u00a0a insulei \u00een\u00a0Antichitate.<\/p>\n<p>Totodat\u0103, R\u0103zboiul Troian, cel\u00a0care a declan\u0219at\u00a0aventura lui Odiseu, a existat \u00een\u00a0realitate. Cel pu\u021bin\u00a0asta arat\u0103 cercet\u0103rile\u00a0arheologice din\u00a0secolul al XX-lea. S\u0103p\u0103turile de la\u00a0Hisarlik, situat \u00een\u00a0nord-vestul Turciei\u00a0de ast\u0103zi, au\u00a0scos la iveal\u0103\u00a0ruinele cet\u0103\u021bii Troia. Sunt nou\u0103 niveluri\u00a0de locuire, dar\u00a0cel care a\u00a0atras aten\u021bia speciali\u0219tilor, \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu\u00a0R\u0103zboiul Troian, este\u00a0stratul Troia VII, datat \u00een jurul\u00a0anului 1190 \u00ee.Hr. Descoperirile arheologice\u00a0din acest nivel\u00a0includ urme clare\u00a0de incendiu \u0219i\u00a0distrugere, suger\u00e2nd un\u00a0ora\u0219 asediat, exact\u00a0a\u0219a cum l-a descris Homer\u00a0\u00een\u00a0Iliada.<\/p>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/webp\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 1000px)\"><source type=\"image\/jpeg\"  media=\"(min-width: 700px)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-e\/ee84c9e8-e6f7-442e-8871-d14e0020805e\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D700%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp\" alt=\"lupt\u0103tori\" width=\"576\" height=\"750\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/picture>\n<p>Lupt\u0103tori micenieni FOTO wikipedia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p> <a data-gtrack=\"{\"event\":\"utm_click\",\"data\":{\"event_category\":\"article_related\"}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\/magazin\/adevaratele-motive-ale-razboiului-troian-pentru-2409327.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span><\/span> <span>Adev\u0103ratele motive ale r\u0103zboiului troian. Pentru ce s-au luptat pe coastele Asiei Mici \u0219i ce rol au avut schimb\u0103rile climatice<\/span> <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/p>\n<p>R\u0103zboiul s-a\u00a0purtat \u00eentre micenieni\u00a0\u0219i cei din\u00a0Wilusa, un regat\u00a0vasal al Imperiului\u00a0Hitit, de pe\u00a0\u021b\u0103rmurile M\u0103rii Egee. Evident, nu din\u00a0cauza Elenei, ci\u00a0pentru domina\u021bia rutelor\u00a0comerciale.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 R\u0103zboiul Troian, care se\u00a0pare c\u0103 a\u00a0vl\u0103guit marile regate\u00a0din zona Egeei, o \u00eentreag\u0103 lume\u00a0s-a pr\u0103bu\u0219it. \u00centreaga cultur\u0103 micenian\u0103, dar \u0219i o\u00a0parte a civiliza\u021biilor\u00a0palatiale din Mediterana,\u00a0au intrat \u00eentr-un declin brusc. Au ap\u0103rut invadatori\u00a0din nord, mai\u00a0puternici\u00a0\u0219i \u00eenarma\u021bi cu\u00a0arme de fier. A\u0219a c\u0103 multe\u00a0c\u0103petenii miceniene au plecat\u00a0cu oamenii lor\u00a0pe mare, \u00een\u00a0c\u0103utarea unor noi\u00a0teritorii, declan\u0219\u00e2nd,\u00a0al\u0103turi de alte\u00a0triburi, acel val\u00a0al \u201ePopoarelor M\u0103rii\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0103l\u0103toria lui Odiseu\u00a0este, de fapt, simbolul acestei lumi\u00a0care se pr\u0103bu\u0219ea\u00a0\u0219i care plecase\u00a0pe mare pentru\u00a0a-\u0219i g\u0103si\u00a0un nou c\u0103min. Eberhard Zangger, cofondator\u00a0\u0219i pre\u0219edinte al\u00a0Funda\u021biei pentru Studii\u00a0Luviene, \u00eentr-un\u00a0articol publicat \u00een\u00a0The Ancient Near\u00a0East Today, sus\u021bine c\u0103 poemul\u00a0p\u0103streaz\u0103 amintirea colapsului\u00a0Epocii T\u00e2rzii a\u00a0Bronzului \u0219i a\u00a0tot ceea ce\u00a0s-a pierdut\u00a0\u00een urma acestui\u00a0eveniment.<\/p>\n<h2>Locuri reale, mon\u0219tri \u00eenchipui\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Totodat\u0103, se precizeaz\u0103\u00a0c\u0103 o parte\u00a0dintre mon\u0219trii \u00eenchipui\u021bi\u00a0din\u00a0Odiseea\u00a0ar fi fost, de\u00a0asemenea, inspira\u021bi din\u00a0locuri sau fenomene\u00a0naturale reale. De\u00a0exemplu, monstrul marin\u00a0cu \u0219ase capete\u00a0Scila \u0219i uria\u0219ul\u00a0v\u00e2rtej Caribda.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen epopee, \u00een\u00a0urma unei furtuni\u00a0puternice, Odiseu \u00ee\u0219i\u00a0pierde \u00eentregul echipaj, iar \u00een diminea\u021ba urm\u0103toare este\u00a0purtat de valuri\u00a0\u00eentre cele dou\u0103\u00a0primejdii. Acest pasaj\u00a0periculos, mitologic, are\u00a0la baz\u0103\u00a0un loc real. Mai precis, este\u00a0vorba despre Str\u00e2mtoarea\u00a0Messina, un canal\u00a0\u00eengust care desparte\u00a0regiunea Calabria, din sudul Italiei, de insula Sicilia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 str\u00e2mtoare, Marea Ionic\u0103 se\u00a0\u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te cu Marea Tirenian\u0103, iar\u00a0cele dou\u0103 m\u0103ri\u00a0au maree opuse. Adic\u0103 se formeaz\u0103\u00a0un v\u00e2rtej\u00a0terifiant. Cel pu\u021bin\u00a0asta explic\u0103 Sergio\u00a0Longhitano, un specialist\u00a0italian de la\u00a0Universitatea din Basilicata,\u00a0\u00eentr-un studiu\u00a0publicat \u00een 2018. Iar monstrul Scila\u00a0este, de fapt, o st\u00e2nc\u0103 din\u00a0apropiere, care seam\u0103n\u0103 cu\u00a0o bestie cu\u00a0mai multe capete.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\/magazin\/cat-de-mult-adevar-istoric-se-ascunde-in-spatele-2545286.html\" class=\"button purchase\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Odiseea, faimoasa epopee atribuit\u0103 lui Homer, este f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 o mare oper\u0103 de fic\u021biune a trecutului. Speciali\u0219tii spun \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 ea este o cronic\u0103 vie [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15562,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-popular"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15561"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15561\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/info-eforie.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}